JINNIANLAI，GUOZHONGZAI3QIANKEYIXIA、PINZHIYOULIANGDEXIAOXINGLIPINXIGUAYINQIGEXIAO、WAIXINGMEIGUAN、KOUWEIJIA，HENSHOUXIAOFEIZHEDEXIAI。ZHEIZHONGXIAOXINGDELIPINXIGUAZAIBUTONGJIJIELIYONGWENSHI、DAPENG、XIAOGONGPENGDENGBAOHUDIHELUDIJUNKEZAIPEIZHONGZHI，TADUIYUHELIHUANCHA，DIAOZHENGCHANYEJIEGOU，FAZHANNONGCUNSHICHANGJINGJI，ZENGJIANONGMINSHOURUJUYOUZHONGYAOYIYI。
LIPINXIGUADEYUMIAOJISHU
一、品种选择
1、YAOGENJUDANGDIDEXIAOFEIXIGUAN，CONGGUOPIYANSE、GUOXING、GUOSHIDAXIAO、NAIZHUYUNXINGDENGFANGMIANZHESHOU。
2、DONGCHUNCHAYIXUANZEZAOSHUHUOZHONGZAOSHU，BINGJUYOUDIWENSHENZHANGXINGHEDIWENJIEGUOXINGHAO，JIAONAIYINSHIHUANJINGDENGTEXINGDEYOULIANGPINZHONG；XIAQIUCHAYIXUANZENAIRE、NAIGAOSHI，KANGBINGDUBING，FENGCHAN、ZHIYOUDEYOULIANGPINZHONG。
3、YOULIANGPINZHONGYOU：HUAKEZAOSHU1HAO、HUAKECHAOZAOHONGYU、ZAOCHUNHONGYU、HUAKEHEIMEIRENDENG。
二、常规育苗
XIGUAKEZHIBOZAIPEI，YIKEYUMIAOYIZAIZAIPEI，TEBIESHILIPINXIGUADUOCAIYONGYUMIAOZAIPEI。ZHEIZHONGFANGFAZHUYAOYOUYIXIAJIDIANHAOCHU：
1、 CUJINZAOSHUFENGCHAN，TIGAOKANGBING、KANGNIXING。
2、 JIESHENGYONGZHONGLIANG，JIANGDITOURUCHENGBEN。
3、 TIGAOFUZHONGZHISHU，GENGJINGJIDEHELILIYONGTUDI。
4、 ZHANDIMIANJIXIAO，BIANYUJIZHONGGUANLI，YOULIYUFANGYUZIRAN ZAIHAI。
CIWAI，ZHUANGMIAOJUYOUNAIHANXING、SHIYINGXINGQIANG，GENXIFAYULIANGHAO，DINGZHIHOUHUANMIAOKUAIDETEDIAN。YIBANRENWEIZHUANGMIAODEBIAOZHUN：YANGMIAOLAOJIAN，ZIYEFEIHOUPINGZHAN，JIEJIANDUAN；YEPIANSHUZHAN，YESENONGLV；GENXIFAYULIANGHAO，BAINEN；WUBINGCHONGHAI。
ZHUYAOJISHUYAODIAN：（1）BOZHONGQIANDEZHUNBEI（2）BOZHONG（3）MIAOQIGUANLI（4）YUMIAOZHONGCHANGJIANDEWENTI
（1）BOZHONGQIANDEZHUNBEI
MIAOCHUANGDEXUANZE：YINGXUANZEZAIBIFENGXIANGYANG，PAISHUILIANGHAO、JINNIANMEIYOUZHONGGUOGUALEIZUOWUDEDIKUAI。MIAOCHUANGKUANYIBANYI1.2MIWEIHAO，ZHEIYANGFANGBIANYUTIANJIANCAOZUO。
YINGYANGTUPEIZHI：YINGYANGTUYAOQIUSHUSONG、FEIWO、BAOSHUIBAOFEI、WUBINGJUN、CHONGLUANHEZACAOZHONGZI。SHENGCHANZHONGCHANGYONGDEFANGFASHI：YONGMEIYOUZHONGGUOGUALEIQIEWUBINGCHONG、WUWURANDEFEIWODEYUANTUHECHONGFENFUSHUDEJIUFEIGUOSHAI，RANHOUAN2:1DEBILICHANYUNHUNHE，TONGSHIMEILIFANGMICHUANGTUJIARUNIAOSU0. 5QIANKE、GUOLINSUANGAI2QIANKE、LIUSUANJIA0.5QIANKE、1.5％XINLIULINKELIJI0.5kg。
YINGYANGTUXIAODUYINGYANGTUPEIZHIHAOHOU，WEIBIMIANBINGHAIDEFASHENGHECHUANBO，CHANGCHANGHAIYAOJINXINGXIAODUCHULI，CHANGYONG50%DUOJUNLINGHUO65%DAISENXINLAIJINXINGXIAODU，JUTIZUOFARUXIA：
MEILIFANGMIYINGYANGTUYONG50%DUOJUNLING40-50KEJIA100BEISHUIRONGYEPENSA，JUNYUNCHANHEHUOYONG65%DAISENXINKESHIXINGFENJI40KEYUYINGYANGTUHUNHEJUNYUN，RANHOUGAIMO。2-3TIANHOUJIEMOTOUQI，WUYAOWEIJIKEYONGYUYUMIAO。
种子消毒
ZHONGZISHIBINGHAICHUANBODETUJINGZHIYI，YINCIZAIBOZHONGQIANBIXUDUIZHONGZIZUOXIAODU、MIEJUNCHULI，YIJIANSHAOFABINGJIHUI。ZAISHENGCHANSHANGZHUYAOYOUYIXIALIANGZHONGFANGFA：
WENTANGJINZHONG：NENGYOUXIAOFANGZHIXIGUAHUAYEBINGDUBINGDEFASHENG。JIANGXIGUAZHONGZIFANGRU55℃DEWENSHUIZHONG，JIAOBAN15FENZHONG，RANHOURANGQIZIRANLENGQUEJINZHONG4-6XIAOSHI。
YAOJIJINZHONG：YONGDUOJUNLINGJINZHONGKEFANGZHITANJUBING，JIYONG50%DUOJUNLINGKESHIXINGFENJI500BEIYEJINPAOZHONGZI1XIAOSHI，QUCHUCHONGJINGJIKE；YONG10％DELINSUANSANNARONGYEJINZHONGKEYUFANGBINGDUBING，JIXIANZAIRONGYEZHONGJINZHONG20FENZHONG，RANHOUYONGQINGSHUIXIJINGHOUZAIJINZHONG4-6XIAOSHI。
催芽
JIANGXIAOGUODUDEZHONGZIFANGZAI28-30 ℃DEHUANJINGXIACUIYA。ZHUYIJINGCHANGFANDONGZHONGZI，WENDUYAOJINLIANGWENDINGZAISHIYIDEFANWEINEI，CUIYAZHANGDUYIGANGGANGLUBAIWEIHAO，CHANGYONGFANGFA：
RENTICUIYAFA：JIANGZHONGZIYONGSHISHABUBAOHAO，RANHOUZAIYONGSULIAODAIZHUANGHAO，FANGRUZUINEIYICENGYIFUWAIMIAN，MEITIANQUXIAZAI30℃WENSHUIZHONGCHONGXI1-2CI，YIBAN24-36XIAOSHIKAISHICHUYA，DANGDABUFENLUBAIJIKEBOZHONG。
RESHUIPINGCUIYA：YONGRESHUIPINGSHENGBANPING34℃WENSHUI，RANHOUJIANGZHONGZIYONGSHISHABUBAOHAO，ZUIHOUYONGXISHENGJIANGZHONGZIXUANDIAOZAIRESHUIPINGNEIJINKOUCHU，YONGPINGSAIYAZHUXISHENG，BINGBAOCHISHUIWEN，ZHUYIHUANSHUI。
（2）BOZHONG
BOZHONGLIANGDEQUEDING：BOZHONGLIANGYUZAIPEIZHUSHU、FAYALV、JINGDU、ZHONGZIQIANLIZHONGHEANQUANXISHUDENGYOUGUAN，YIBANANXIAMIANDEGONGSHIJISUAN：
SHIJIBOZHONGLIANG（KE/MU）=MUZAIZHUSHU×QIANLIZHONG ×ANQUANXISHU/ 1000 ×FAYALV（%）×JINGDU
PINZHONGBUTONGQIANLIZHONGDECHAYIJIAODA，YINGGENJUJUTIPINZHONGQUEDINGBOZHONGLIANG。
BOZHONGSHIJIAN：GENJUDANGDIQIHOUTIAOJIAN、DINGZHIQIHEZHUANGMIAOBIAOZHUNERDING。DONGCHUNCHAYIBANMIAOLINGZAI30-40TIAN，JUYOU3-4PIANZHENYESHIJIKEDINGZHI，SUOYIYUMIAOQIYAOTIQIANDINGZHIQI30-40TIANZUOYOU，CAIYONG“SANMOYILIAN”DEZAIPEIMOSHI，YUMIAOQIYIBANZAI1YUESHANGZHONGXUNZUOYOU。XIAQIUCHAYIBANMIAOLING25TIANZUOYOUJIKEDINGZHI，CONG6YUESHANGZHONGXUNDAO8YUESHANGXUNDOUKEBOZHONGYUMIAO，KEGENJUJUTIQINGKUANGQUEDING。
BOZHONGFANGFA：BOZHONGQIAN1TIANYONG800BEIJIAJITUOBUJINYEJIAOTOUMIAOTU，XUANZEQINGTIANDESHANGWUBOZHONG。JIANGJINGGUOJINZHONGCUIYADEZHONGZIJUNYUNDEDIANBOZAIMIAOCHUANGHUOZHIJIEDIANBOZAIYINGYANGBOHUOXUEPANLI，ZHONGZIYINGPINGFANG，YAJIANXIANGXIA，GAIYINGYANGTUHOUDU1.5LIMIZUOYOU。RANHOUFUGAIDIMO，DONGCHUNCHARUOWENDUZAIDIKEZAICHUANGMIANSHANGDASULIAOXIAOGONGPENGBAOWENBAOSHI。
（3）MIAOQIGUANLI
1、WENDUGUANLI： YINGZHANGWOMIAOCHUANGWENDUXIANGAOHOUDI，ZHOUGAOYEDIDEBIANHUAGUILV。
BOZHONGHOUCHUMIAOQIAN：JIAQIANGBAOWENCUOSHI，CUJINCHUMIAO，BAITIANWENDUBAOCHIZAI30℃ZUOYOU，YEJIANBAOCHIZAI18-20℃。CHUANGWENGAOYU40℃ SHIKEJIANGBOMOLIANGTOUDAKAIJIANGWEN 。
CHUMIAOHOU：JISHIJIANGDIMIAOCHUANGWENDU，BAITIANKONGZHIZAI20-25℃，YEJIANBAOCHIZAI15-20℃，CISHIYAOFANGZHIGAOWENTUZHANG，YEYAOZHUYIBIMIANDONGHAISHANGMIAO。
YOUMIAOPOXINHOU：KETIGAODIWEN，BAITIAN27-30℃，YEJIAN20℃ZUOYOU，ZAIBUYINGXIANGMIAOCHUANGWENDUDEQINGKUANGXIASHIDANGTONGFENGJIANGSHI。
DINGZHIQIAN5-7TIAN：SHIDANGJINXINGDIWENDUANLIAN，JIADAFANGFENGLIANG，SHIGUAMIAOZHUJIANSHIYINGZIRANHUANJING。
2、SHIDUGUANLI
MIAOQIDUISHUIFENFANYINGJIAOWEIMINGAN，GUODUOGUOSHAODOUHUIYINGXIANGSHENGZHANG。ZAIDAZUDISHUIDEQINGKUANGXIA，CHUMIAOQIANYIBANBUJIAOSHUI。CHUMIAOHOU，DANGMIAOCHUANGYINGYANGTUJIANBAISHI，ZAIBANGWANQIANHOUYONG30℃ZUOYOUDEWENSHUIPENSACHUANGMIAN，MEIGE2-3TIANJIAOYICI，YIKEJIEHESHAOLIANGZHUIFEI。
3、GUANGZHAOGUANLI
ZHEIGEJIEDUANGUANGZHAOJIAORUO，ERGUANGZHAOYOUSHIYOUMIAOYEPIANGUANGHEZUOYONGDENENGLIANGLAIYUAN，SUOYIGUANLISHANGJIUYINGJINKENENGDEZENGJIACHUANGNEIGUANGZHAO。RICHUQIWENHUISHENGHOUJISHIJIEKAICAOLIANDENGFUGAIWU，WANSHANGZAIWENDUJIANGDIFUDUBUDASHIJINLIANGWANGAIFUGAIWU，YICILEYANZHANGGUANGZHAOSHIJIAN。JINGCHANGDASAOBOMOSHANGDEZANGWU，TIGAOTOUGUANGLV，ZENGQIANGGUANGZHAOQIANGDU。YINYUTIANWENDUBUDIYU16℃，YEYINGJIEKAIFUGAIWU，CHONGFENLIYONGSANSHEGUANG。
（4）YUMIAOZHONGCHANGJIANDEWENTI
MIAOQIDONGHAI：QINGZHEZIYE、ZHENYEBIANYUANFABAI；SHAOZHONGZHEZHENYEGANKU，ZHIBAOZHUSHENGZHANGDIAN，TUICHISHENGYUQI，YINGXIANGXIGUAZAOSHUDECHANLIANGHEPINZHI；YANZHONGDEKEQUANZHUDONGSI，ZAOCHENGHUIMIEXINGPOHUAI。ZONGDEYIDIANJIUSHIYAOJIAQIANGBAOWENCUOSHI，ZHUYIZAIHAIXINGTIANQI（HANLIU、SHUANGDONG）DEFASHENG，JIZAOCAIQUCUOSHI。
TUZHANG：GENXIXIAOERSHAO，ZIYEHEZHENYEBODA、SEDAN，XIAPEIZHOUXIZHANG。ZHUYAOYOUGAOWEN、GAOSHI、GUANGZHAOBUZU、DANFEIGUODUO、LIANMIAOSHAODENGYINSUDAOZHI。
RUOMIAOHEJIANGMIAO：YOUDIWEN、CHUANGTUGANZAO、QUEFEIDENGSUOZHI，BIAOXIANWEIGUAMIAOCHUYEMAN，MIAOXIAOYESHAO，YEPIANFAHUANG，XIAPEIZHOUXIANXI，GENXIXIAOERSHAO。RUOBOZHONGGUOQIANYAOJISHIPEITU；RUODIWENHUOJIAOSHUISUOZHI，YAOJISHIZHONGGENGSONGTU，ZENGWENJIANGSHI；RUOQUEFEI，KEYEMIANPENSHI，JIAQIANGGUANLI；RUOYOUQIUYINHUOYACHONGWEIHAISUOZHI，JISHIYONGYAOFANGZHI。
DAIMAOMIAO：RUGUOFUTUGUOQIAN、NITUGANSONG，HENRONGYICHUXIANZHONGQIAOBUYITUOLUODE“DAIMAO”XIANXIANG，XURENGONGBOCHU，FOUZEYINGXIANGZIYEDEFAYUHEGUAMIAODESHENGZHANG。HAIKEZAIZHONGZIFANSHENJIANGYAOCHUTUQIANFUYICENGBOTU，YIZHUZHONGQIAOTUOLUO。
猝倒病
DIANXINGZHENGZHUANG：MIAOQILUCHUTUBIAODEPEIJINGJINGBUHUOZHONGBUCHENGSHUIZIZHUANG，HOUBIANCHENGHUANGHESEGANKUSUOWEIXIANZHUANG，WANGWANGSHIZIYESHANGWEIDIAOWEI，YOUMIAOJITURANCUDAO，ZHIYOUMIAOTIEFUDIMIAN，CHANGYIZHONGXINXIANGSIZHOUMANYAN。
FABINGTIAOJIAN：TURANGWENDUDIYU15DU，SHIDUGUODA，GUANGZHAOYOUBUZU，YOUMIAOZEZHANGSHIJIAORUO。TEBIESHILIANYIN、LIANYU、LIANXUEDEELIETIANQIZECUDAOBINGFAZHANJIKUAI，YIYINQICHENGPIANSIMIAO。
FANGZHIFANGFA：XUANZEWUBINGJUNDETURANGZUOMIAOCHUANG，BINGZUOHAOYINGYANGTUXIAODU，JIAQIANGZAIPEIGUANLI，KONGZHISHIDU。YIDANFABINGYINGJISHIBACHUBINGMIAO，BINGJINKUAITIGAODIWEN，SAGANTUHUOCAOMUHUI，JIANGDITURANGSHIDU，YONG72.2%PULIKESHUIJI400BEIHUO64%SHADUFANM8KESHIXINGFENJI500BEIYEPENWU。
立枯病
DIANXINGZHENGZHUANG：DUOZAIJINGJIBUHUODIXIAGENBUFASHENG，BINGBANHESE，TUOYUANXINGHUOBUGUIZEXING，KUOZHANHOUKERAOJINGYIZHOU，HOUWEISUOGANKUSIWANG，DANBUZHEDAO。KAISHISHIMIAOBAITIANWEINIAN，YEJIANHUIFU，JINGSHURIFANFUHOU，BINGZHUWEINIANKUSI。
FABINGTIAOJIAN：GAIBINGSHUYUZHENJUNXINGBINGHAI，DUOZAICHUANGWENJIAOGAOHUOYUMIAOHOUQIFASHENG。FABINGDEWENDUFANWEI13～41℃，ZUISHIWENDUWEI20～24℃。BINGJUNZHUYAOTONGGUOYUSHUI、DAIJUNFEILIAO、NONGJUCHUANBO。BOZHONGGUOMI、TONGFENGBULIANG、SHIDUDA、GUANGZHAOBUZU、YOUMIAOSHENGZHANGXIRUODEMIAOCHUANGHUODIKUAIYIFABING。
FANGZHIFANGFA：JIAQIANGMIAOCHUANGGUANLI，ZHUYITIGAODIWEN，KEXUEFANGFENG，FANGZHIMIAOCHUANGHUOYUMIAOPANGAOWENGAOSHITIAOJIANCHUXIAN。FABINGSHIKEYONG50％DUOJUNLINGKESHIXINGFENJI800～1000BEIYE，HUO70％DAISENMENGXINKESHIXINGFENJI500～600BEIYEPENWU。
三、嫁接育苗
JINNIANLAIWENSHIHEDAPENGDELIANZUO，JIAZHONGLETUCHUANBINGHAIDEFASHENGHEBINGJUNDEJILEI。XIGUABINGDUBINGHEKUWEIBINGSHIFABINGZUILIHAIDE。TONGGUOJIAJIEHUANGEN，BUJINKEYIYOUXIAOFANGZHILEBINGHAIDEFASHENG，HAIKEYITIGAONAIDIWENNENGLI、ZENGJIACHANLIANG、ZENGQIANGKANGNIXINGDEBIAOXIAN。
ZHENMUXUANZE：JIAJIEXIGUAYINGXUANZEYUXIGUAQINHELIHAO，KANGBINGLIQIANGBUYINGXIANGXIGUAPINZHIDEHEIZINANGUAHUOXIHULUDENGZUOWEIZHENMU。
常用的嫁接方法
KAOJIE：JIESUIJIAOZHENMUTIQIAN5-7BOZHONG，DIYIPIANZHENYECHUXIANSHIWEIZUIJIAJIAJIESHIQI。ZAIJIAJIEQIAN2-3TIANTINGZHIJIAOSHUI，SHIYOUMIAOXIAPEIZHOUCUZHUANG，BIANYUCAOZUO。
CHAJIE：ZHENMUBIJIESUITIQIAN3-5TIANBOZHONG，DANGZHENMUDEZHENYEGANGCHUXIAN，JIESUILIANGPIANZIYEBANKAIWEIJIAJIESHIQI。
嫁接苗管理
JIAJIEMIAOQIAN3TIANBIXUZAIXIAOGONGPENGSHANGGAICAOLIANZHEGUANG，YIFANGYANGGUANGZHISHEWENDUGUOGAO，JIANGDIKONGQISHIDUYINQIWEIYAN，BULIYUSHANGKOUYUHE。BAITIANWENDUKONGZHIZAI25℃ZUOYOU，ZUIGAOBUCHAOGUO30℃，YEJIAN20℃ZUOYOU，QIEFENGPENGQIJIANMIAOCHUANGNEIXIANGDUISHIDUYINGBAOCHIZAI100%。3dHOUKETONGXIAOFENG，7dHOUJIADATONGFENGLIANGJIANGSHI。MIAOCHENGHUOHOU，JISHIJIANCHAHEQUDIAOZHENMUSHANGMENGSHENGDEXINYA，YIFANGYINGXIANGJIESUISHENGZHANG。CIWAI，HAIYINGZHUYIYUFANGBINGCHONGHAIDEFASHENG，KEYONGNONGYONGLIANMEISU、MANCHONGQINGPENSAMIAOCHUANG，LAIFANGBINGZHICHONG，DANGMIAOZHANGDAO2YE1XINSHIKEYIZAIDINGZHI。
四、病虫害防治
XIAOXINGXIGUAPINZHONGXIANGDUIDAXIGUAPINZHONGJUYOUJIAOQIANGDEKANGBINGXING，YIYINBINGHAIWEIMANKUBING、KUWEIBING、BINGDUBING、TANJUBINGDENG，BINGCHONGHAIFANGZHI******7—10TIANJINXING1CI。
MANKUBINGZHENJUNXINGBINGHAI，SUCHENGLANTOUBING，CHANGZAIGENTOUHUOJINGJIEBUFASHENG，CHUQICHENGSHUIJINZHUANG，HOUFENMIHONGHESEZHIZHUANGWU。FANGZHI：①LUNZUO；②XUANKANGBINGPINZHONG；③ZHONGZIXIAODU；④SHIZUYOUZHIYOUJIFEIJISHILIANGDANLINJIAFEI；⑤CAIYONGGAOQIFUMOZAIPEI；⑥HELIGUANSHUI；⑦SHIDUZHENGMAN，BAOLIUGUAMANJIBUYEPIAN；⑧ZUOGUAQIZENGSHILINJIAFEI，KONGZHIDANFEI；⑨YAOJIGUANGEN；PENSAHUOTUJINGXIANGJIEHE，KEYONG70％JIAJITUOBUJINJIA10BEISHUITUGEN，60％SUKELING1500BEIYEJIA4000BEINONGYONGLIANMEISUPENYE。
KUWEIBINGYOUCHENGMANGEBING、BAIGENBING，DUOZAIJIEGUOQIFASHENG，MANSHAOSHISHUIKUSI，BUFENXIGENFULAN，GENPIBOLUO，DIMIANSHANGJINGBUYOUZONGLIEBINGFENMIHESEZHIZHUANGWU，WEIGUANSHUBIANHESE。FANGZHI：①XUANZEKANGBINGPINZHONG；②LUNZUO；③JIAJIE。
BINGDUBINGYEMIANTUAOBUPING，CHENGTOUMINGBAN，YEPIANJUANQU，HUANGHUAFACUI，JINGJIESUODUAN、NIUQU。GAOWEN、GANHAN、QIANGGUANGSHIZHUYAOFABINGTIAOJIAN，BINGDUZHUYAOKAOYACHONG、JIMADENGJIECHUXINGCHUANRAN。FANGZHI：FANGZHIYACHONG、JIMA，BACHUTIANJIANBINGZHU，QINGCHUZHOUWEIZACAO，YONG20％BINGDUA 500BEIYEHUO1．50％ZHIBINGLINGRUYOU800—1000BEIYEPENSA。
TANJUBINGCHANGCONGZHIZHUJIBUYEPIANKAISHIFABING，CHENGTONGXINLUNWENZHUANG，JINGBU、GUOMIANSHENGTUOYUANXINGJIXIANZHUANGHESEAOXIANBINGBAN。FANGZHI：YONG64％SHADUFAN400BEIYEPENSA。
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