厚皮甜瓜生长发育需要什么样的生态环境条件？
厚皮甜瓜对生态环境条件的要求：
1、温度：厚皮甜瓜属喜温性作物，要求较高的温度。其种子发芽最适宜温度为28--32℃，最高温度为35℃，最低温度为16－18℃。
GENXISHENZHANGDEZUIDIWENDUWEI8℃，ZUISHIYIWENDUWEI23－28℃，ZUIGAOWENDUWEI35℃，GENMAOFASHENGDEZUIDIWENDUWEI14℃。ZHIYOUDIXIA15LIMICHUTUWENBAOCHI18℃YISHANG，ZHIZHUCAINENGZHENGCHANGSHENGZHANGJIEGUO。
ZHIZHUSHENGZHANGFAYUDESHIYIWENDUWEI22－32℃，ZUISHISHENGYUWENDUWEI25－28℃。HOUPITIANGUADUIDIWENHENMINGAN，ZHOUWENZAI18℃YIXIA，YEWENZAI12℃YIXIASHIFAYUCHIHUAN，10℃YIXIATINGZHISHENGZHANG，DIYU5℃SHIFASHENGDONGHAI。DUIGAOWENDESHIYINGLIHENQIANG，QIWENZAI35℃SHISHENGYUQINGKUANGRENGRANLIANGHAO，SHENZHIZAI40℃GAOWENXIA，RENGRANYOUJIAOQIANGDEGUANGHEZUOYONG。DUANSHIJIANKENAI45－50℃GAOWEN。ZHOUYEWENCHADA，YOULIYUGUOSHIFAYUJITANGFENDEZHUANHUAJILEI。ZHOUYEWENCHAZAI11－20℃SHI，TANGFENDEJILEIHEZHUANHUAKUAI，LIYUTIGAOPINZHI。
2、光照：厚皮甜瓜是喜光性作物，光补偿点为4000勒克斯，饱和点为55000勒克斯，在生育过程中光照不足，再遇高温，则易发生茎蔓徒长和落花落果。正常发育，要求每天10－12小时光照。光照充足时，植株生长健壮，节间短、叶色深、茎粗叶肥，且病害少，品质好；在阴天及光照不足时，则茎蔓细长，叶薄色浅，易徒长得病，糖分积累少，果实品质差。
3、水分：厚皮甜瓜喜较低的空气湿度，以相对湿度50%－60%为宜。厚皮甜瓜是耐旱作物，有较高的叶片渗透压。发芽期、幼苗期、伸蔓期及果实膨大期均需要较充足的水分，而瓜成熟期则需控制水分，水分多、湿度大时，则果实糖分难以提高，严重影响品质。厚皮甜瓜根系好氧性强，不耐土壤高湿和低温。
4、土壤和肥料：厚皮甜瓜喜土层深厚，有机质含量高，通气性良好的壤土或砂质壤土。土壤的pH值以6－7为宜。每生产l000千克果实约需纯氮（N）2.5－3.5千克，五氧化二磷（P2O5）1.3－1.7千克，氧化钾（K2O）4.4－6.8千克。生产上增施有机肥、钾肥和多施含磷、钾丰富的饼肥，有利于提高厚皮甜瓜的品质。施肥时应注意氮、磷、钾三要素的全面施用和合理搭配。切忌过多施用氮肥，忌用含氯离子的肥料，如氯化钾、氯化铵等不宜施用。
温室中栽培厚皮甜瓜，越冬茬和早春茬的育苗时期，正处于严寒季节，要想安全培育壮苗，须怎样操作？
ZAIYANHANJIJIEZAIPEIHOUPITIANGUA，DUOCAIYONGYUMIAOYIZAIDEFANGFA，ZHEIYANGZUOCAOZUOFANGBIAN，YOULIYUYOUMIAOZHANGZHUANG，BINGKECUJINHUAYAFENHUA，TIGAOYOUMIAODENAIDIWEN、HEKANGBINGXINGNENG。
1、营养土的配制：育苗用的营养土要求营养充足，成分完全，质地疏松，保水保肥性良好。制块后，要干而不硬，湿而不散，无虫无病菌。其配制方法为：用未种过瓜菜的肥土9份，充分发酵腐熟的鸡粪或大粪1份，过筛掺匀。为预防苗期病害发生，每立方营养土再掺加96%天达恶霉灵15--20克（先用2000克细土掺均匀后再掺入营养土中）；为防治地下害虫为害，还要向营养土内喷洒3000倍天达阿维菌素药液，每1米2苗床喷药液200---300毫升。
2、建造电热温床：为确保幼苗健壮和严冬季节的安全，苗床******在温室内建电热加温苗床育苗，每1㎡需建设苗床24—26㎡。
3、种子消毒和催芽播种 备播的种子要去杂去劣，晒种1－2天，晒后用200倍“天达—2116”（浸拌种专用型） 3000倍96％天达恶霉菌灵药液浸种30分钟，（也可用100倍的高锰酸钾、或100倍40%的福尔马林药液浸泡10－15分钟消毒，浸后须用清水冲洗净残留药液）再用55℃温水浸种30分钟，后以30℃清水继续浸种5--6小时。捞出后，甩净水分，放在25－30℃的土制恒温箱内（具体操作参阅黄瓜育苗）催芽。24小时后（少量种子发芽），再置于冷冻盒内，以－2℃--0℃温度冷冻4--6小时（12小时后再冷冻一次），然后放入井水中回暖20分钟，甩净水分继续催芽。种子大部分露白即可播种。
BOZHONGQIANYINGYANGTUKUAIYAOYONGWENSHUISHENGUANZHITUMIANBIANSE，HOUZAIMEIGEYINGYANGTUKUAIDEZHENGZHONGPINGFANGYILIZHONGZI，PEIGENCHAOXIAHUOCEFANGXIANG，FUTU1.5－2.0LIMIHOU，TONGDIANJIAWEN。
4、苗床管理：幼苗播种后，通电加温，外覆草苫加塑料薄膜保温，温度控制在25℃左右，以利早出苗。幼苗出土以后断电。只要床温不低于15℃，一般不再通电。苗床白天揭苫，并撤去小拱棚膜，让其多见阳光。夜晚加盖双层无滴膜和草苫保温（草苫内外各有1层无滴薄膜）。床温白天控制在25－30℃，夜晚18－20℃，最低不低于15℃。当幼苗长至2片真叶以上时，夜间可撤掉无滴膜，只盖草苫维持温度在15－18℃，加大温差以利雌花芽分化。对双蔓或多蔓整枝栽培的的幼苗，4－5片真叶时，摘心打顶，可带侧蔓移栽。单蔓整枝的秧苗3叶1心时（苗龄约30－35天），即可定植。
WEIPEIYUZHUANGMIAO，YUMIAOQIJIAN，BUTOUMINGFUGAIWUYAOJINLIANGZAOJIEWANGAI，YIYANZHANGJIANGUANGSHIJIAN。2PIANZHENYESHI，YONG600BEIKANGHANZHUANGMIAOXING“TIANDA—2116” 6000BEI96%TIANDAEMEILINGYEPENSA1－2CI，FANGZHIMIAOQIBINGHAI，CUJINMIAOZHUANG。
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电热温床应怎样建造？
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温室厚皮甜瓜栽培，怎样调整瓜秧？如何留瓜、吊瓜？
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